ScienceDaily Health Headlines
for Wednesday, October 6, 2010
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For cardiac arrest CPR performed by laypersons, chest compression-only may lead to better outcomes (October 6, 2010) -- In a comparison of outcomes in Arizona for out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for cardiac arrest performed by bystanders, patients who received compression-only CPR were more likely to survive to hospital discharge than patients who received conventional CPR or no CPR, according to a new study. ... > full story
Children with idiopathic new-onset epilepsy: Study confirms favorable long-term prognosis (October 6, 2010) -- A study conducted by researchers in the Netherlands confirmed that children with idiopathic new-onset epilepsy have a significantly higher rate of remission than those with remote symptomatic epilepsy. ... > full story
Teen drunkenness levels converge across cultures, by gender (October 6, 2010) -- In the past decade, cultural and gender-based differences in the frequency of drunkenness among adolescents have declined, as drunkenness has become more common in Eastern Europe and among girls and less common in Western countries and among boys, according to a new report. ... > full story
'Paradign shift' in how physicians treat peripheral artery disease (October 6, 2010) -- A balloon angioplasty device that sucks up dangerous plaque debris could trigger a "paradign shift" in how physicians treat peripheral artery disease. ... > full story
Study examines ICU outbreak of staph aureus with resistance to methicillin and linezolid (October 6, 2010) -- An outbreak of infection due to linezolid and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LRSA) in 12 intensive care unit patients in Spain was associated with transmission within the hospital and extensive usage of the antibiotic linezolid, often used for the treatment of serious infections, with reductions in linezolid use and infection-control measures associated with resolution of the outbreak, according to a new study. ... > full story
Web-based creativity: Can working in virtual communities be more effective than face-to-face cooperation? (October 6, 2010) -- Common sense and experience would suggest that people are more creative when they work together in a face-to-face environment. But, as remote working and online interactions become more and more commonplace, there is growing evidence that working in virtual communities and using online tools together can be even more effective in some areas than face-to-face cooperation. ... > full story
Growth factor essential to epicardial cell function: Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) plays role in heart regeneration (October 5, 2010) -- In research that one day may lead to the discovery of how to regenerate tissue damaged by heart disease, researchers have identified PDGF as a key factor in the proliferation and transformation of epicardial cells, one type of cell that surrounds heart muscle and contributes to vessels. ... > full story
Limited number of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes cause most invasive pneumococcal disease (October 5, 2010) -- Contrary to current thinking, the group of serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae responsible for most invasive pneumococcal disease worldwide is conserved across regions, according to new research. ... > full story
Is your job making you fat? Study links office work with obesity (October 5, 2010) -- Working nine-to-five may be the way to make a living, but it may be padding more than the wallet. According to a new study, office-workers have become less active over the last three decades and this decreased activity may partly explain the rise in obesity. Their findings may have health implications for the millions of people toiling behind their desks. ... > full story
Thirst for excitement is hidden in your genes (October 5, 2010) -- Sensation seeking -- the urge to do exciting things -- has been linked to dopamine, a chemical that carries messages in your brain. For a new study, scientists analyzed genes in the dopamine system and found a group of mutations that help predict whether someone is inclined toward sensation seeking. ... > full story
Low testosterone linked to Alzheimer's disease (October 5, 2010) -- Having low testosterone may put older men at risk for Alzheimer's disease, a new study finds. The researchers say the next step is to conduct a large study on testosterone to treat Alzheimer's disease. ... > full story
Researchers pool data to search for genetic risks in heart disease (October 5, 2010) -- Scientists analyzing pooled data from all published whole-genome studies of heart attack and coronary artery disease (CAD) has found multiple genetic mutations, including one that increases heart attack risk by 29 percent. The collective gene data could provide 10 times more subjects and controls than the largest CAD study to date. ... > full story
Top reasons for Facebook unfriending (October 5, 2010) -- Researchers have found the top reasons for unfriending on Facebook. Just like an office party, talking about religion and politics is risky. ... > full story
Newly discovered DNA repair mechanism (October 5, 2010) -- Researchers have discovered a fundamentally new way that DNA-repair enzymes detect and fix damage to the chemical bases that form the letters in the genetic code. ... > full story
Mice with human body's defenses (October 5, 2010) -- Therapeutic antibodies can be an efficient alternative when common drugs do not work anymore. However, antibodies obtained from blood of animals such as mice could not be used: The human immune system recognizes them as foreign and rejects them. Scientists have now succeeded in developing a promising approach to solve this problem. ... > full story
MicroRNA that may allow for better control cholesterol levels in blood identified (October 5, 2010) -- Scientists have identified an important microRNA that may allow us to better control cholesterol levels in blood. Their study found that the microRNA miR-33, may be key to controlling HDL, or "good" cholesterol levels. ... > full story
Neanderthals had feelings too, say researchers (October 5, 2010) -- New research by archaeologists in the UK suggests that Neanderthals belied their primitive reputation and had a deep seated sense of compassion. ... > full story
New language identified in remote corner of India; One of thousands of endangered tongues around world (October 5, 2010) -- Linguists reporting from a National Geographic expedition to India's remote northeast corner have identified a language completely new to science. ... > full story
Amino acid supplement makes mice live longer (October 5, 2010) -- When mice are given drinking water laced with a special concoction of amino acids, they live longer than your average mouse, according to a new report. The key ingredients in the supplemental mixture are so-called branched-chain amino acids, which account for 3 of the 20 amino acids (specifically leucine, isoleucine, and valine) that are the building blocks of proteins. ... > full story
The world is full of darkness, reflected in the physiology of the human retina (October 5, 2010) -- Physicists and neuroscientists have linked the cell structure of the retina to the light and dark contrasts of the natural world, demonstrating the likelihood that the neural pathways humans use for seeing are adapted to best capture the world around us. ... > full story
Unemployment linked with child maltreatment (October 5, 2010) -- The stresses of poverty have long been associated with child abuse and neglect. In a new study, researchers directly linked an increased unemployment rate to child maltreatment one year later. ... > full story
Identifying enzymes to explode superbugs (October 5, 2010) -- With the worrying rise of antibiotic-resistant superbugs like MRSA, scientists from a wide range of disciplines are teaming up to identify alternative therapies to keep them at bay. Now, researchers have developed a pioneering method that can identify lytic enzymes for optimum bacteria killing characteristics. ... > full story
ADHD more common in offspring of mothers with genetic serotonin deficiencies (October 5, 2010) -- Children whose mothers are genetically predisposed to have impaired production of serotonin appear more likely to develop attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder later in life, according to a new report. ... > full story
Scientist compares classical singing to traditional Indian singing to find speech disorder treatment (October 5, 2010) -- Hindustani singing, a North Indian traditional style of singing, and classical singing, such as the music of Puccini, Mozart and Wagner, vary greatly in technique and sound. Now, speech-language pathology researchers are comparing the two styles in hopes of finding a treatment for laryngeal tremors, a vocal disorder associated with many neurological disorders that can result in severe communication difficulties. ... > full story
Interactive video games can cause a broad range of injuries (October 5, 2010) -- Interactive gaming devices can cause a broad range of injuries, from abrasions and sprains to shoulder, ankle and foot injuries, according to new research. ... > full story
Surprise: Scientists discover that inflammation helps to heal wounds (October 5, 2010) -- New research study may change how sports injuries involving muscle tissue are treated as well as how much patient monitoring is necessary when potent anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed for a long time. ... > full story
Sleep loss limits fat loss (October 5, 2010) -- Cutting back on sleep reduces the benefits of dieting, according to a new study. When dieters got a full night's sleep, more than half of the weight they lost was fat. When they cut back on their sleep, only one-fourth of their weight loss came from fat. Sleep-deprived dieters also felt hungrier, producing higher levels of ghrelin, a hormone that triggers hunger and reduces energy expenditure. ... > full story
How gender is created during everyday life at preschool (October 5, 2010) -- Whether you're a boy or a girl doesn't really matter when it comes to being allowed to join in -- what really counts is your haircut, clothes and gender markers, reveal researchers that examined how gender is created during everyday life at preschool. The study also shows that stereotypical perceptions about gender are allowed to steer the planning of preschool activities. ... > full story
Why fat thighs are not as bad as a fat abdomen (October 5, 2010) -- Using ice cream, candy bars and energy drinks to help volunteers gain weight, researchers have discovered the mechanisms of how body fat grows. ... > full story
Microbes engineered for low-cost production of anti-cancer drug, Taxol (October 5, 2010) -- Researchers have now engineered E. coli bacteria to produce large quantities of a critical compound that is a precursor to the cancer drug Taxol, originally isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree. The tree's bacteria can produce 1,000 times more of the precursor, known as taxadiene, than any other engineered microbial strain. ... > full story
Biomarkers for personalizing radiation cancer treatment identified (October 5, 2010) -- Radiation therapy is used to treat more than half of all cancer cases, but patient response to therapy can vary greatly. Genetics is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to inter-individual radiation response, but the biology underlying response remains poorly understood. Researchers have now employed a pharmacogenomics approach to find biomarkers associated with radiation response that could help to more effectively tailor individual cancer treatments in the future. ... > full story
Mental health courts appear to shorten jail time, reduce re-arrest for those with psychiatric illness (October 5, 2010) -- Special mental health courts appear to be associated with lower post-treatment arrest rates and reduced number of days of incarceration for individuals with serious psychiatric illnesses, according to a new report. ... > full story
New clues on why some people with Parkinson's die sooner (October 5, 2010) -- New research shows how old people are when they first develop Parkinson's disease is one of many clues in how long they'll survive with the disease. ... > full story
New method for genome analysis identifies the genetic effect of a rare form of mental retardation (October 5, 2010) -- The majority of rare diseases are hereditary. But despite significant progress in genome research, in most cases their exact cause remains unclear. The discovery of the underlying genetic defect is, however, a prerequisite for their definitive diagnosis and the development of innovative approaches to their treatment. Scientists have now succeeded in using a new process with which all of the genes in the human genome can be analysed simultaneously. The process was used for the first time on three children in a family who suffer from a rare form of mental retardation (Mabry Syndrome). ... > full story
Loss of nutrients following gastric bypass surgery in adolescent girls (October 5, 2010) -- An increasing number of obese adolescents, particularly females, are undergoing gastric bypass surgery. Yet a recent case study highlights the possible link between gastric bypass surgery in adolescent girls and an increased risk for neural tube defects. ... > full story
Child maltreatment investigations not associated with improvements in household risk factors (October 5, 2010) -- Household investigations for suspected child maltreatment by Child Protective Services may not be associated with improvements in common, modifiable risk factors including social support, family functioning, poverty and others, according to a new report. ... > full story
Early use of hypertonic fluids does not appear to improve outcomes for severe traumatic brain injury (October 5, 2010) -- Patients with a severe traumatic brain injury (and not in shock because of blood loss) who received out-of-hospital administration of hypertonic fluids (a solution with increased concentration of certain electrolytes and thought to help reduce intracranial pressure) as initial resuscitation did not experience better 6-month neurologic outcomes or survival compared to patients who received a normal saline solution, according to a new study. ... > full story
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010 was awarded to Robert G. Edwards for IVF fertilization (October 4, 2010) -- Robert Edwards has been awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize for the development of human in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy. His achievements have made it possible to treat infertility, a medical condition afflicting a large proportion of humanity including more than 10% of all couples worldwide. ... > full story
Mechanism involved in addictions and some forms of obesity discovered (October 4, 2010) -- Researchers have discovered a mechanism underlying some forms of obesity and addictions which could lead to a treatment for both diseases. ... > full story
Walnuts, walnut oil, improve reaction to stress (October 4, 2010) -- A diet rich in walnuts and walnut oil may prepare the body to deal better with stress, according to a researchers who looked at how these foods, which contain polyunsaturated fats, influence blood pressure at rest and under stress. ... > full story
Possible biomarker to identify seizure-related stress (October 4, 2010) -- New research found that reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, a protein in the brain that encourages growth of neurons, may be a trait marker for individuals with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (seizures that are psychological in origin). ... > full story
Children with ADHD at increased risk for depression and suicidal thoughts as adolescents (October 4, 2010) -- Greater numbers of depression, anxiety, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder symptoms at ages 4 to 6 among children with ADHD robustly predicted risk for depression during adolescence. ... > full story
Vaccine extends survival for patients with deadly brain cancers (October 4, 2010) -- A new vaccine added to standard therapy appears to offer a survival advantage for patients suffering from glioblastoma, the most deadly form of brain cancer, according to a new study. ... > full story
The secret life of Ireland's smooth-hound sharks (October 4, 2010) -- They grow to over a meter in length, can weigh up to twelve kilos and each summer they swarm into the shallow waters of the Irish east coast. Despite this, the starry smooth-hound has remained Ireland's least well known shark species. However, thanks to researchers this may be about to change. ... > full story
Substance that plays key role in bone density could lead to new osteoporosis treatments (October 4, 2010) -- Researchers have discovered a group of substances in the body that play a key role in controlling bone density, and on this basis they have begun development of a drug for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and other bone disorders. ... > full story
Mimicking other's language style shows a happy relationship, study suggests (October 4, 2010) -- People match each other's language styles more during happier periods of their relationship than at other times, according to new research. ... > full story
Discovery of a cell that suppresses the immune system (October 4, 2010) -- Researchers have identified a new type of cell in mice that dampens the immune system and protects the animal's own cells from immune system attack. ... > full story
Life threatening breathing disorder of Rett syndrome prevented (October 4, 2010) -- Researchers have sequestered the potentially fatal breath holding episodes associated with the autistic-spectrum disorder Rett syndrome. ... > full story
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